Life Modification For Community Leaders - 1342 Words

Introduction This reflection paper is the clear picture of the knowledge I gained from the course â€Å"Lifestyle Modification for Community Leaders. At the time of registration of my courses for this semester I opted this course with a hope of change in my life. As the student’s life is tough especially when you should work along with your studies. The pressure of studies and work is very challenging for the students. This course helped me to fight with this situation. Basically, the course is all about the modifications of the lifestyle that every person has opted in their life. The course not only focuses on life modification but also illustrates different methods to prevent and cure several diseases. This course introduced me with†¦show more content†¦After going through all the articles, I was eagerly waiting to attend the first lecture of this course. In the first lecture of this course, I got a feeling that everything is going to change. The meditation of 5 minutes in the beginning of the lecture filled me with a positive vibe and a lot of energy. The connection between body and soul was explained in a simple and beautiful manner by the professor. The vibrational medicine and its effects on the body astonished me. Further, the professor discussed about the various forms of CAM and gave me and the other students, an opportunity to explore about any one form of CAM, write a paper on it and present it to the whole class. During the course, various methods of alternative medicine that were presented in the class are meditation, aromatherapy, Ayurveda, guided imagery, yoga, reiki, hydrotherapy and many more. Meditation According to me, it is a system of concentration or distraction of human mind and body used to reach a higher level of awareness, physical performance, concentration or relaxation generally created from an internal source. The meditation can be practiced for stress management, anger management, control over anxiety, improved awareness and improvement of cognitive skills. To meditate, first find a quite area, then sit cross legged, backShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes Us Human Genome? Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion (figure 1). Today, many are not interested in current genetic events. Despite the public’s dwindling interest in the human genome, the scientific community a been working along with increasing fervor. Modern genetics-related headlines will likely be found arguing for or against GMOs. However, I suggest it is time to move on. Life sciences will soon be overtaken by something much more sensational: genetic enhancement. Such technologies offer the ability to customize the genetic code weRead MoreResearch Paper On Sojourner Truth848 Words   |  4 Pagesin Northampton, Massachusetts. The organization was established to care an extensive refine itinerary including women’s right and pacifism. The people involved with this organization lived together on five hundred acres as their own independent community. Threw this organization, she encountered with numerous leading abolitionists at Northampton, including William Lloyd Garrison, Fredrick Douglass, and David Ruggles. In the month of May in 1851, Truth distributed her famous â€Å"Ain’t I a Women?† speechRead MoreThe Future Of Genetic Modification Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pageslot of issues. There are a lot that captivate the attentions of our world leaders and for the most part, it seems that our global paradigm of dealing with issues is to act reactively, rather than proactively. However, when it comes to a particular issue that demands our global attention, we find ourselves staring not at an issue inherently policy-oriented in nature, but rather scientific: the future of genetic modification. Policy is the bridge between the status quo and the future we desire whileRead MoreFamily Systems Therapy925 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily systems. In most cases the problems of any one family are common to all others in their social and ethnic community. Although much of Adlerian family therapy is conducted in private sessions, it has also been used in different group settings such as schools. Adlerian therapist believes that human beings are social, purposeful, subjective and interpretive in their approach to life (Sweeney, 1998). These characteristics are formed or instilled at a very young age. Without the social, physicalRead MorePsy 460 Week 4 Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagestemperatures and noise pollution may be out of individual reach. By changing some conditions and adding items that have a positive mental influence on individuals can make some over-populated urban environments more pleasant and less stressful to the community and population living among those areas. â€Å"Urban environmental quality thus is a multidimensional concepts that comprise both negative and positive influences† (Steg, 2013, p. 98). Further reading will describe how environmental cues shape individualRead MorePresident Executive Officer Director Chief Officer Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesone could presume Jeffers management approach would be inspirational, and his community profi le renders him as an authentic and charismatic leader. In fact, he degraded employees, ignored other s sentiments and notions, determined strategic decisions unaided, disregarded company policies, and discounted the need for work and life balance. As a result, Jeffers personified the negative characteristics of charismatic leaders, and he is the antithesis of the positive attributes. However, the public’sRead MoreThe Watershed Management Goals And Objectives1128 Words   |  5 Pagesenhance water quality, sustainable dwelling, as well as community outreach in order to realize the vision for the Patuxent River Watershed (HCDPW, 2002). The following describes these objectives as they relate to the specific subject of interest. 6.1 Water Quality The goal is to realize and manage the quality of water required to sustain the marine life of the Patuxent River Watershed, as well as to safeguard the health of the residential community. Objectives involve the development of biological andRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Addiction : Limestone College ( Extended Campus ) Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagescounseling program was implemented because of the apparent need for support from the community. Group Boundaries There are a few boundaries within this group which include: time, space, and role boundaries. Time boundaries consists of being responsible for your punctuality and respecting that, once the door of the facility is closed then you have missed that night of group. Also respecting the time of your group leader and group members, and the number of days you attend the group. In this particularRead MoreProvidence Health Care Was Established By Sisters Of St.1664 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter such as humility, integrity, collaboration, justice and so on were well explained how all those lead Providence through a Tsunami of change. Providence Healthcare was very particular about its values; sanctity of life, human dignity, compassionate service, community, social justice and social responsibility. It also has multiple stakeholders in collaboration. After the financial crisis in 2008, Providence made a series of consultations with stakeholders and the recommendation was â€Å"ImproveRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Leadership Style Of Greater Baltimore Medical Center1629 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Analysis: Greater Baltimore Medical Center The adaptability of healthcare industries in an evolving world of change requires dynamics to identifying weakness and distinction. Often times, these organizational modifications mirror changes in the society. They are inspired by collective experiences, perceptions, norms, values, economics and political forces at a given particular period (Thomas, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to explore the organizational structure and leadership

Edgar Allan Poe Essay - 1406 Words

Edgar Allan Poe Essay How does E.A. Poe explore the themes of horror and obsession in his short stories? In Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories the black cat and The Tell Tale Heart, both terrify the reader by making them believe they are the person going through these terrifying tales, as they believe they can hear the heart pound under the floor boards as in The Tell Tale Heart. Or they feel very cocky as showing the police round the basement 2 – 3 times until it all goes wrong, they feel it was them who committed these awful crimes. In the Black cat short story, it is the madness of the characters that creates the perfect scary story, the man trying to kill the cat and eventually killing his wife. Poe creates an atmosphere†¦show more content†¦This effect is very useful and makes Edgar Allan Poe’s work more popular. Also in Edgar Allan Poe’s horror type of writing the effect has more than in a any other story would of, but in a horror story it would have more effect than in any other type of genre possible. That may be why he is considered the best at ever writing horror. Poe’s own life is reflected in his work, most of his characters are crazy and unsociable, this is the same with Edgar Allan Poe. He was a alcoholic, was sick in the head and had a hard life with his mother dying when he was two. The characters in Edgar Allan Poe’s work are a lot like him, they are all at least slightly crazy and unsociable and in some cases they are overly crazy and unsociable. There are many example but the narrator in The Black Cat is very unsociable he first seems normal and loves his pets but ends up hating them and killing his wife and favourite cat. There is a clear connection when in the Tell Tale Heart the narrator seems very careful and deceptive about everything and being very unsociable with the police but being cocky at the same time. You know he is scared because he tells you. Edgar Allan Poe portrays this to show the horrors in his everyday life that normal people would not of normally of known to of existed. When the narrator says â€Å" TRUE! – Nervous – very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?Show MoreRelated Edgar Allan Poe Essay504 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe began his career as a poet, and collected or corrected poems throughout his career. A quality of enjoyable sounds can be found in poems that readers also consider serious. However, these elements can also exist with themes that are more typical of the Romantic Movement, such as dreams and nightmares Poe handled this through images designed to show undecided states of awareness represented as lakes, seas, waves, and vapors. Nearly all Poes criticism on poetry wasRead More The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe What was the mystery of Edgar Allan Poe? Why was he so special? He was special because he helped change poetry by giving it different focuses. Through looking at Edgar Allan Poes life, we will understand what motivated him to write what he did, what the meaning was behind these works, and how this changed poetry. Before Edgar Allan Poe, the common belief was that poetry should be about Truth, and that it should impart some morals. Poe disagreed, and stronglyRead MoreEssay Biography of Edgar Allan Poe2810 Words   |  12 PagesBiography of Edgar Allan Poe Many authors literary works are often influenced by their own personal life experiences. Among these authors is Edgar Allan Poe, one of the most inventive writers of prose and poetry in the nineteenth century. The juxtaposition of Poes life and work is most evident in the morbid personalities and melancholy themes of his literary compositions, similar to those of his life. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His motherRead MoreEssay on The Life of Edgar Allan Poe871 Words   |  4 PagesThe life of Edgar Allan Poe, was stuffed with tragedies that all affected his art. From the very start of his writing career, he adored writing poems for the ladies in his life. When he reached adulthood and came to the realization of how harsh life could be, his writing grew to be darker and more disturbing, possibly as a result of his intense experimenting with opium and alcohol. His stories continue to be some of the most frightening stories ever composed, because of this, some have consideredRead More Edgar Allan Poe Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allen Poe’s contributions to American literature have become increasingly more prominent as the years have passed. As short fiction has become a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poe’s theories are studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy life, Poe did experience moments of joy, and desired to capture the beauty through poetic form. Indeed, what he left behind for the literary world was his gifted genus, revealed throughRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was a bizarre and often scary writer. People throughout history have often wondered why his writings were so fantastically different and unusual. They were not the result of a diseased mind, as some think. Rather they came from a tense and miserable life. Edgar Allan Poe was not a happy man. He was a victim of fate from the moment he was born to his death only forty years later. He died alone and unappreciated. It is quite obvious that his life affected hisRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was one of Americas famous poets, fiction short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be some of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famousRead More Edgar Allan Poe Essay515 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Allan Poe nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Edgar Allan Poe, the first master of the short story, had written many short stories from mysteries to morbidity. Edgar was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachussettes. Edgars Parents, David and Eliza, were both in the acting business. Poe also had a sister, who is rarely spoken of. When Edgar was young his father fleed from the family, leaving Edgar, his mother, and sister alone. At the age of two Edgars mother died of tuberculosis. Edgar wasRead MoreA Brief Biography on Edgar Allan Poe Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Massachusetts, U.S. on January 19, 1809. Poe`s parents were Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe Jr. Poe was named after a character in William`s Shakespeare King Lear. Poe was baptized at Episcopal Church in 1812.His mom was an actress and his dad was an actor. Poe`s dad abandoned the family in 1810. Poe had 2 siblings. His brother was named William Henry Leonard he was a writer, sailor, and poet. He was born in Boston on Jan 30, 1807. Poe`s brother died August 1, 1831Read More Edgar Allan Poe Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Though an innumerable amount of interpretations of any given text might be drawn from a variety of perspectives, a structuralist analysis of two of Poe’s works help place their symbols within a theme related to myth and heroism. Peter Barry attempts to define structuralism succinctly by narrowing it down as â€Å"the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation—they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of†; he goes on to add that â€Å"meaning

Bus 599 Paper Free Essays

Master Degree in Business Administration Strayer University Strategic Management BUS 599 Assignment 3 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the MBA program Abstract Through this paper, one will understand the trends in the global beer market. There will also be the possibility of Modelo’s international expansion. There will also be an assessment about the next foreign market that Modelo should get involved with. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus 599 Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now A decision about the challenges that Modelo faces from their competition InBev and how Modelo should respond to this beer industry giant is presented in this paper. Last but not least, a discussion about weather or not Modelo should diversify their business is stated in this paper. Historically, the brewing business was known as a local industry. Furthermore, only few of the brewers were known at an international level. During the past decades, there were a lot of consolidations done within the beer industry. With the past few years, the process of global beer consolidation grew even higher. By the year 2008, there were two major acquisitions made within the global brewing industry. The two acquisitions were made of Scottish and New Castle by Carlsberg and Heineken. The other acquisition was done of Anheuser-Busch by InBev. (www. carlsberggroup. com). The trend of beer over the last five years had a combined annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4. 8% worldwide. (www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843300064. html. ). Within Central America and South America, the CAGR increased to 6. 3%. Africa also showed growth by having CAGR that got up to 6. 4%. A key note about the growth of beer was shown in Asia. www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843300064. html). The trends of beer for the last five years have being tilting toward consumers wanting expensive beers. Due to that, expensive beers or premium beers accumulated 17% of the beer sales globally. The premium beer market of North America as well as Western Europe sales happen to be higher than the global average for premium beers. www. carlsberggroup. com/company/market). Due to the high economic downturn, the consumption of prem ium beer became very low. Grupo Modelo happens to be the most popular and largest makers of beer in the country of Mexico. Over the years, this company has strived for excellence and became the 12th largest producers of beer in the world by 1998. (www. businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/aug2008/gb20080814_195868. html). Grupo Modelo’s most famous brand of beer is the Corona Extra. Corona Extra was noted as the first among imported light beers within the United States in the year 1997. Moreover, Corona Extra was ranked the fifth in light beers worldwide in 1997. Grupo Modelo is the producer of nine brands of beer within their company. Modelo mission is to â€Å"produce, distribute and sell quality beer at a competitive price, optimizing resources and surpassing customers’ expectation in order to contribute to the social development of Mexico. † (www. gmodelo. com. mx). Due to North America’s Free Trade Agenda (which eliminated barriers as well as tariffs) Modelo made a strategic business move that involved protecting themselves from having to deal with U. S. beer taking over their sales in Mexico. Moreover, Grupo Modelo Company decided to become partners with Anheuser-Busch. The deal of partnership with Anheuser-Busch allowed Modelo to be an exclusive distributor of all the Anheuser-Busch products in the country of Mexico. Within the United States, four different brands of beers produced by Modelo were sold and distributed by Barton Beer. Anheuser-Busch did not distribute any of Modelo’s beers within the United States. With the partnership of Modelo’s and Anheuser-Busch, Anheuser-Busch was not doing very well in Mexico. Moreover, Anheuser-Busch beers (Budweiser and Bud Light) during that time of the late 90’s were only selling well in tourist areas within Mexico. Due to this discouraging fact of Anheuser-Busch only doing well in tourist areas of Mexico, they decided to raise their equity in Grupo Modelo to 37% in 1995 and proceeded to raise equity to 57% in 1997. By raising their equity in Grupo Modelo to 57%, Anheuser-Busch total investment came up to about $1. 6 billion. Modelo decided in 1996 to renew their alliances with Barton Beers and Gambrinus for a decade. This decision made by Grupo Modelo angered Anheuser-Busch and brought about mistrust in decision making by Modelo. By the year 1997, Grupo Modelo had 80 percent of all Mexico beer export. In addition, Modelo was exporting there brand of beers to 143 countries. (www. businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/aug2008). Although Modelo is well known for their brand distribution of Corona Extra and Corona Light, they also distribute other beers such as Modelo Especial (this happens to be Modelo’s second leading brand of beer), Victoria, Light Modelo, Pacifico, Estella, Leon Negra, Montejo and Negro Modelo. It is a proven fact that Modelo has done very well within the United States beer market and is still having continuous success in Latin America. The Next foreign market Modelo should step into must be the Asian market. This continent is understood to be huge consumers of beer, coming second after Western Europe. Modelo should try and make alliances with the top seller of beer within each Asia nation. Modelo should also try to relinquish their strong Latin background and try to incorporate them into the Asian culture. Although it is an applauded agenda for a business to strive for uniqueness, it is also a sensible idea for a business to be adoptive. Moreover, Modelo will have to send agents that will evaluate the business environment of Asia in order to know their style and likings when it comes to beer. Instead of concentrating on making huge profits by selling their products at high prices, they should focus on quality and make their product available for a reasonable price. This will enable the buyers of the beers realize the beer taste and then become a loyal customer. Modelo should also try to work together with local brewers within Asia. Modelo should also invest in advertisement and avoid having to make known to customers in Asia their beer rank number one in Latin America. Moreover, the focus should be on becoming the number one distributor of beer in Asia. Modelo should also seek to built factories or plants within Asia in order to do away with export prices and the trouble of transporting the beer. Building a plant in Asia will make their business seem more intoned with the Asian culture and allow Asians to look upon this company as one of their own. Normally, when a company presents itself as an outsiders, they tend to have a difficult time adjusting to their customers. If Modelo follow this strategy of adapting to the way of live by their customers in Asia, they would not have such a difficult time selling their products. Although Modelo is known as the most successful beer distributor in Latin America, this company still has to deal with competition. One major competitors of Modelo is InBev. InBev is a Belgian-Brazilian brewer that took over Anheuser-Busch for $52 billion. Furthermore, 50% of Modelo is owned by Anheuser-Busch. This puts Modelo in a difficult predicament. Modelo also stands at a disadvantage because InBev bought Anheuser-Busch and Anheuser-Busch owns fifty percent of Modelo. The strategic response Modelo can imply to the competition of InBev is to pay out Anheuser-Busch, so Modelo can once again decide their business agenda without any interference. This seems to be the best strategy for Modelo because Anheuser-Busch will always cater to InBev because that’s who owns their business. Furthermore, Modelo needs to focus on maintaining their reputation as the best beer distributor in Latin America. The only chance InBev have of taking that title away from Modelo is by buying Modelo. The Corona Beer is still a success worldwide as well as in Mexico and Modelo needs to consider that fact as an advantage. Diversity in the â€Å"world of business† is always a good thing. Furthermore, it enables a business to grow and get more customers. Modelo should diversify their business. Modelo should consider getting into the soft drink business. This is a way to gain a larger consumer base. Although Modelo is doing well selling beers in Mexico, a lot of Mexicans don’t drink alcohol or are underage to consume alcohol. Getting in the business of selling soft drinks would be a very smooth transition because Modelo is a popular a successful company. References www. businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/aug2008 www. gmodelo. com. mx www. carlsberggroup. com/company/market www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843300064html. How to cite Bus 599 Paper, Papers

Concepts of Marketing and Advertising †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concepts of Marketing and Advertising. Answer: Introduction to the Main Concepts Marketingis the process of designing, promotion and distributing the products as per the need of the customers (Armstrong, 2012).Marketing also focuses on creating product image, creating target market and generating competitive advantage through various marketing activities like branding, promotion, varied distribution channels etc. (Baines, 2013). Branding is one of the most important tools of marketing through which companies try to create competitive advantage (Scholz, 2014). Brand is any differentiating feature like colour, tagline, logo or a name which creates an instant image of the product in the customers mind (Jones, 2012). Banding leads to recall and loyalty and hence, leads to competitive advantage. Companies are using various methods to create a good brand image (Jurisic Azevedo, 2011). Both online and offline mediums like online advertising, web marketing and television commercials are used by firms to brand their products (Sksjrvi Samiee, 2011). Basic aim of branding is to create awareness, long term relationship and competitive advantage. Advertising has been an old and trusted method of creating brand image (Kotler Lane, 2013). Many companies are trying new and innovative mediums of advertising to create brand image like brand endorsements, cartoon characters and animations (Sharma, 2012) However, with the advent of online media, the focus of marketers is shifting towards the use of online methods to create brand awareness (Simmons, et al., 2010). The increase in online activities has led to this change in the attitude towards branding (Ho-Dac., et al., 2013). Both the selected cases discuss branding and generation of competitive advantage with help new advertising strategies like online media and innovative advertising. Introduction to the Cases Purpose of branding is to create customer loyalty and product recall (Smith, et al., 2010). Brand message can be sent across with the help of television advertising, print media, sponsorships etc. (Kapferer, 2012). The first case relates to delivering of brand message by McDonalds via their website. The selected cases deal with the new age interest of marketers in the digital medium and the success of McDonalds in creating brand image through the use of web based media in UK (Rowley, 2004). The case focuses on UK business in particular and talks of the I am loving it campaign which was broadly propagated through the online media by McDonalds. The second case deals with new and innovative advertising strategy by Vodafone, UK based multinational cellular network provider. This case analyses Vodafones creative advertisement strategy to create competitive advantage (Roy Das, 2011) In particular the case discusses Vodafones Zoozoo campaign and its effectiveness (Roy Das, 2011). The case elaborates on use of this campaign by the UK based company to establish a brand name in emerging Indian markets (Vodafone , 2017). The Zoozoo campaign has been a great marketing success for the company and it successfully established the company in the new markets. Evidence of Marketing Related Success of the Two Cases In case of McDonalds the case study assesses the online branding attempts of the fast food chain in the UK. Online media is considered to be extremely powerful because it has a huge reach and also reduces the search cost of the customer (Chi, 2011 ) This is also a reason why online brand recall is considered to be high by marketers. For a company like McDonalds, service delivery has to be through the face to face medium; however, the internet has provided a potent tool to the firm to generate more awareness about products and product variation (Charlesworth, 2011). McDonalds has created a huge buzz through its online Ad campaign I am loving it (McDonald's, 2017). This tagline focused on family entertainment and family get together which appealed to youth. This tagline has become a favourite of the customer and has created an edge for McDonalds over its near competitors in the UK fast food market. Online branding campaign of McDonalds in the UK took care of all the major branding strategies like logo, graphics and text (Rowley, 2004). The golden arches logo with I am loving it written at the bottom is visible on the website home page of the company. The visibility of the logo made it more and more powerful and gave larger competitive advantage due to instant customer recall generated by it (Rowley, 2004). McDonalds also used inviting pictures of menu and price variations to attract more customers. The variety in the menu also gave the company a competitive advantage. McDonalds used both online promotions and online information to invite customers to write reviews and feedback (McDonald's, 2017). This created customer relationship and gave the company an edge over the competitors Vodafone is a UK based cellular network provider which is present globally (Vodafone , 2017). The case deals with marketing campaign of the company in the emerging markets of India which gave it huge success and made it a leading cellular network provider worldwide (Okyere, 2011). Advertising has always been an important tool for marketers to send a mass message. However, in the current era of globalisation customers get varied messages from many companies pertaining to their products (Armstrong, 2012). Therefore, a need was felt by Vodafone to come up with a unique and innovative advertising campaign to create a positive brand image for the UK based firm in the new market. As Vodafone was a new entrant in the market it had the task of creating its own entity (Roy Das, 2011). The company came up with a unique imaginary persona for itself so that people could associate with the brand, known as Zoozoos (Roy Das, 2011). Zoozoos were white imaginary creatures and became an instant hit with customers giving a grand size brand recall to the firm. Zoozoos were instantly recognised as Vodafone brand creations and hence the company successfully entered the market and generated a competitive advantage for itself (Sharma, 2012). A story was told in the Ad which was enacted by the Zoozoos. This also created brand and product feature awareness in an entertaining way giving access for market penetration to Vodafone (Roy Das, 2011). This unique advertisement also listed various offers which would suit the customers of varied demographics (Roy Das, 2011). Through this unique advertising strategy Vodafone was able to outdo the competitor in Ad wars as their Ads became very popular with the customer. Achievement of Marketing Success by the Two Organisations Aim of marketing is to deliver, design and promote the product in a suitable way (Armstrong, 2012). Promotions are a very important aspect of marketing. It is through promotions that the firm generates awareness about the products (Baines, 2013). Through its online Ad campaign and promotion through the tagline I am loving it McDonalds has been able to generate mass awareness about various menu items within UK. It has also been able to generate differentiation through different flavours and price ranges (McDonald's, 2017). I am loving it campaign together with the online Ads, graphics and text has helped in improving customer relationship and loyalty (Rowley, 2004). Customer relationship is very important for any firm as it creates loyal customers and leads to competitive advantage (Baines, 2013). Through its online campaign McDonalds has been able to reinforce the family values of togetherness and joint entertainment which has appealed to the youth leading to an edge over the competi tor (Rowley, 2004). Therefore, this campaign has successfully created brand awareness in the UK markets. In case of UK based Vodafone, it had a challenging task to generate product and brand awareness in a new market (Vodafone , 2017). Therefore, the firm needed unique advertising methods to penetrate the customers mind (Armstrong, 2012). Their frequent Zoozoo ads, which were entertaining and informative, created the Vodafone brand awareness. Vodafone needed a good advertising campaign which would help in outdoing the competitors in the market. The markets were overflowing with Ads by other cellular network providers and Vodafone needed to do something innovative to create a lasting impression on the audiences (Roy Das, 2011). This campaign helped in creating buzz for the company product and helped in spreading mass awareness about the brand and its offers. Therefore, though an innovative Ad campaign the company achieved its target of market entry and succeeded in creating a positive brand image; hence, generating competitive advantage for the firm. Conclusion Promotions are an important tool of marketing and in the new age of globalisation and expanding markets companies need innovative Ad campaigns to generate mass awareness and brand image. McDonalds used online campaigning in the UK to reinforce its brand values and to penetrate the customers mind. At the same time, Vodafone used innovative and entertaining Ad campaign to generate brand image outside of its home base. Both the cases give a good example of how innovative and new age promotions can create brand image for the organisation and help the firm in creating competitive advantage. Both these success stories highlight that organisations need to think in a new and an innovative way to improve their brand image and emerge a success in the global competitive sphere. References Armstrong, G., (2012) Marketing: An Introduction. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Baines, P., (2013) Essentials of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press . Charlesworth, A., (2011) Internet Marketing: a practical approach. New York: Routledge. Chi, H., (2011 ) . Interactive digital advertising vs. virtual brand community: Exploratory study of user motivation and social media marketing responses in Taiwan. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12(1), pp. 44-61. Ho-Dac., Carson, S. Moore, W., (2013) The effects of positive and negative online customer reviews: do brand strength and category maturity matter?.. Journal of Marketing., 77(6), pp. 37-53. Jones, R., (2012) Five ways branding is changing. Journal of Brand Management, 20(2), pp. 77-79. Jurisic, B. Azevedo, A., (2011) Building customerbrand relationships in the mobile communications market: The role of brand tribalism and brand reputation. Journal of Brand Management, 18(4), pp. 349-366. Kapferer, J.-N., (2012) The New Strategic Brand Management: Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Kotler, P. Lane, K., (2013) A Framework for Marketing Managemen. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall. McDonald's, (2017) About us. [Online] Available at: www.mcdonalds.co.uk[Accessed 30 July 2017]. Okyere, N., (2011) Agyapong, G.K. and Nyarku, K.M., 2011. The effect of marketing communications on the sales performance of Ghana Telecom (Vodafone, Ghana). International Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(4), p. 50. Rowley, J., (2004) Online branding: the case of McDonald's. British Food Journal, 106(3), pp. 228-237. Roy, A. Das, S. D., (2011) Zenth International Journal of Business Economics Management Research, 2(1), pp. 7-11. Sksjrvi, M. Samiee, S., (2011) Relationships among brand identity, brand image and brand preference: differences between cyber and extension retail brands over time. Journal of interactive marketing, 25(3), pp. 169-177. Scholz, L., (2014) Brand Management and Marketing of Luxury Goods. Humburg: Anchor Academic Publishing. Sharma, P., (2012) Advertising effectiveness:" understanding the value of creativity in advertising", a review study in India. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 2(3), p. 1. Simmons, G., Thomas, B. Truong, Y., (2010) Managing i-branding to create brand equity.. European Journal of Marketing, 44(9/10), pp. 1260-1285. Smith, K., Smith Wang, (2010) Does brand management of corporate reputation translate into higher market value?. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 3(201-221), p. 18. Vodafone , (2017) Vodafone. [Online] Available at: www.vodafone.co.uk[Accessed 31 jo;y 2017].

Culture in organization

How Index Fossils Help Define Geologic Time

How Index Fossils Help Define Geologic Time Every fossil tells us something about the age of the rock its found in, and index fossils are the ones that tell us the most. Index fossils (also called key fossils or type fossils) are those that are used to define periods of geologic time. Characteristics  of an Index Fossil A good index fossil is one with four characteristics: it is distinctive, widespread, abundant, and limited in geologic time. Because most fossil-bearing rocks formed in the ocean, the major index fossils are marine organisms. That being said, certain land organisms are useful in young rocks and specific regions. Boom-And-Bust Organisms Any type of organism can be distinctive, but not so many are widespread. Many important index fossils are of organisms that start life as floating eggs and infant stages, which allowed them to populate the world using ocean currents. The most successful of these became abundant, yet at the same time, they became the most vulnerable to environmental change and extinction. Thus, their time on Earth may have been confined to a short period of time. That boom-and-bust characteristic is what makes the best index fossils. Trilobites, Hard-Shelled Invertebrates Consider trilobites, a very good index fossil for Paleozoic rocks that lived in all parts of the ocean. Trilobites were a class of animal, just like mammals or reptiles, meaning that the individual species within the class had noticeable differences. Trilobites were constantly evolving new species during their existence, which lasted 270 million years from Middle Cambrian time to the end of the Permian Period, or almost the entire length of the Paleozoic. Because they were mobile animals, they tended to inhabit large, even global areas. They were also hard-shelled invertebrates, so they fossilized easily. These fossils are large enough to study without a microscope. Other index fossils of this type include ammonites, crinoids, rugose corals, brachiopods, bryozoans, and mollusks. The USGS offers a more detailed list of invertebrate fossils (with scientific names only). Small or Microscopic Fossils Other major index fossils are small or microscopic, part of the floating plankton in the world ocean. These are handy because of their small size. They can be found even in small bits of rock, such as wellbore cuttings. Because their tiny bodies rained down all over the ocean, they can be found in all kinds of rocks. Therefore, the petroleum industry has made great use of index microfossils, and geologic time is broken down in quite fine detail by various schemes based on graptolites, fusulinids, diatoms, and radiolarians.   The rocks of the ocean floor are geologically young, as they are constantly subducted and recycled into the Earths mantle. Thus, marine index fossils older than 200 million years are normally found in sedimentary strata on land in areas that were once covered by seas.   Terrestrial Rocks For terrestrial rocks, which form on land, regional or continental index fossils may include small rodents that evolve quickly, as well as larger animals that have wide geographic ranges. These form the basis of provincial time divisions.   Defining Ages, Epochs, Periods, and Eras Index fossils are used in the formal architecture of geologic time for defining the ages, epochs, periods, and eras of the geologic time scale. Some of the boundaries of these subdivisions are defined by mass extinction events, like the Permian-Triassic extinction. The evidence for these events is found in the fossil record wherever there is a disappearance of major groups of species within a geologically short amount of time.   Related fossil types include the characteristic fossil, a fossil that belongs to a period but doesnt define it, and the guide fossil, one that helps narrow down a time range rather than nail it down.

Managing Retention Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Retention - Case Study Example Synopsis The secondary data available from the focus group study and survey questionnaires reveals that the major cause of employees leaving Irontown is stress experienced by the employees, whereas unfulfilled expectation of the employees from their designated jobs appears to be the second major cause of high employee turnover. Other reasons of high employee turnover at the Irontown are lack of efficiency in providing a solution to the customers’ problems, dissatisfaction from the salary and benefits package and finding another job opportunity. From the problems mentioned above, Irontown has been successful in identifying the resultant problems such as the inconsistency of training modules and lack of workforce to carry out the operations of the Irontown. Retention Plan Following are the suggestions that will help Irontown to overcome its human resource issues, particularly the high employee turnover rate. 1. Training and Development A good entrepreneur or manager is one who t akes special care of his or her employees’ growth plans. This practice helps the employer to gain employees’ loyalty. ... The first one is aimed at polishing the skills and customer handling abilities of the new recruits and teaches them about the customers’ preferences and behavioral trends. This information can be fetched from the CM software of the company which would give an insight into the customers’ buying trends and the most frequently asked questions. The next training program is for organizational development which should be offered to all the employees, regardless of how much time these employees have spent at Irontown. Again, the CRM software and the information retrieved from there would be helpful in determining customers’ preferences and bringing changes in the promotional pitch that customer care representatives use while talking to a customer (Russo, 2000). The use of these two training modules would help Irontown to improve the usage of CM software, on which the company has already invested a significant amount. Moreover, the issue of inefficiency in customer relat ionship management would also be resolved by training employees. 2. Revisiting Salary and Compensation Packages Irontown is advised to revisit its salary and compensation packages offered to the employees. By doing this, the company would be able to analyze the salary offered at Irontown against the industry standards. If the salary packages at Irontown are not up to the expectations of employees, than Irontown should raise salaries by increasing the amount of perks given to the employees in addition to the basic salary. In this manner, employees’ financial requirements would be fulfilled and they will gain inner satisfaction from their jobs (Russo, 2000). 3. Rotation Policy Irontown is also advised to introduce a shift rotation policy. This policy would provide every trainee and employer of the company

Zara Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Zara Company Analysis - Essay Example This marketing report presents a set for recommendations for the fashion retailer, Zara. These recommendations are based on the analysis of external and internal environment. The analysis of the external environment relies on theories such as the PESTLE Analysis and Porter’s Value Chain Analysis. The analysis of the internal environment relies on the analysis of the company using Resource/ Capabilities Analysis and Value Chain Analysis. Zara is a fashion retailer owned and operated by the Spanish company, Indetix Group. This fashion retailer has introduced a different strategy within the fashion market that goes against the existing strategies of the fashion industry (Anon, nd.). Despite this, or rather on account of this, the company has managed to record profitable growth since its inception. However, in order to pursue further growth, it is necessary to analyze the current strategy. ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT PESTEL Analysis PESTLE Analysis is a widely used analysis to understand the external environment of the company. It is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors that have an impact on the overall operations of the organization (Henry, 2008). Political Factors Since companies operate within a certain geographic boundary or boundaries, the government has an impact on the company. It impacts through the laws and restrictions placed on the companies. Since Zara operates mainly in Spain and the UK, which falls within the EU countries therefore the political landscape of this area should be understood. The EU is beneficial for the company as it has made the entire region work as a local market. This allows the company to get fair advantage in the entire EU market. Zara is also operating outside Spain and EU markets and in markets such as USA, Dubai and Singapore. In this regard, the company needs to ensure that such countries have friendly relations with the national base of the company which is Spain. Also such countries should have a politically stable government so that the company continues to enjoy friendly terms. Economic Factors In terms of the economic factors, companies all around the world have been seriously hit with the financial c risis that struck the entire world in 2009. This has hampered the buying power on the consumers and most

Passage of Kyoto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Passage of Kyoto - Essay Example The treaty has been widely accepted by both developed and developing nations in order to protect the efficiency of natural ecosystem from a severe devastation caused by the increasing growth of industrialization. However, few major global nations with enormous economic potentials have been also observed to integrate the Kyoto Protocol in the nations’ political environment inadequately. The US can be regarded as one of the major examples to disregard the integration of Kyoto Protocol obligations in its wide range of industrial policies (Hov et al., 2010). According to the observation of numerous researches relating to climate change, it has been critically identified that policy makers across different developed and developing countries are highly focused on diminishing the issue associated with climate change. The US has debated on carbon reduction measures by disregarding the Kyoto Protocol agreement in the year 2001. The governing body of the nation has backed out the treaty by claiming that the specific details as well as uncertainties in the protocol mechanism may hinder the current economic position of the US drastically (Fletcher, 2005). With regard to the political disagreement regarding the execution of Kyoto Protocol in the US, the research report primary emphasized three major research questions.

Theories Of Management And Leadership On Strategy

Theories Of Management And Leadership On Strategy Different Management and Leadership theories are adopted by the organisations to achieve their goals. Leaders possess a certain type of skills, which enables them to follow any theory in a given situation. The decision making process need to be flexible enough to adapt any kind of environment since outcome from it will be have a great impact on organisation, that impact can be on strategy, goals or its culture. Theories of Leadership and Management Different Leadership and Management theories are: The Trait Theory This theory is derived from the great man theory, which identifies the key characteristics of a good and successful leader. They have personality, dominance, charisma, self-confidence, achievements and ability to formulate a clear vision It is believed that through this approach critical leadership traits could be isolated and that people with such traits could then be recruited, selected, and installed into leadership positions. The table below lists the main leadership traits and skills identified by Stogdill in 1974. Traits Skills -Adaptable to situations Alert to social environment Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant (desire to influence others) Energetic (high activity level) Persistent Self-confident Tolerant of stress Willing to assume responsibility Clever (smart and intelligent) Conceptually skilled Creative Diplomatic and tactful Fluent in speaking Knowledgeable about group task Organised (administrative ability) Persuasive Socially skilled Impact on Organisational Strategy A leader with these traits and skills is able to drive the organisation. It is of this reason that Armed Forces around the world look for these traits in the candidates for the commission. For-example: At PCW, where high dedication from Manager is required, if they dont have a charismatic figure or lack self confidence than how they will motivate their team or employees. Before a leader leads other, it needs to lead itself, this is called self-leadership. It begins with introspection and development of ones emotional intelligence. They need to explore their inner self before they lead others. Leader is responsible for everything the team does or fails to do. Since they are in direct contact with employees so they need to have following traits and act as a role-model. At organisational level, leaders are required to influence the whole organisation by managing the cultural norms, rewards and recognition programs, and communication. When they get at a high level where they have to lead a city, state or a multi-national corporation, they require power of persuasion and charisma, if they are going to get elected. Their self-confidence enables them to challenge change, and their communication skills helps them to gain trust of others, since they have persuasion power. The point where Traits Theory fails is when following questions are asked Do these traits produce successful leaders? Is leadership more than just bringing change? Leaders are born or can they be made? The trait theory unfortunately does not prescribe the most effective traits that successful leaders should have. Nonetheless, the theory makes good sense when interpreting successful leaders with their remarkable traits. The most important problem in applying it is how leaders can know better about themselves and their leadership qualities. Transformational Theory James MacGregor wrote in his Burns Leadership was the first to put forward the concept of Transforming leadership. To MacGregor transforming leadership is a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts, followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. He also identified that: [Transforming leadership] occurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and moralityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This theory is based on charismatic leaders, who have additional characteristics such as vision and development, and abilities to motivate it followers. Impact on Organisational Strategy Howell and Avolio (1999) assert that transformational leadership with its five key pillars vision, inspiration, stimulation, coaching, and team building. And a leader with such characteristics will bring tremendous payoffs in business performance and innovation. There are certain transformational leadership factors identified by Nahavandi, which are: intellectual stimulation to generate new ideas and empowerment charisma and inspiration to overcome resistance to change, individual incentives and consideration to motivate and encourage the followers. Since our current business environment is very dynamic, so does the need for change in leadership style. For-example: Back in days at PCW, managers with certain charismatic qualities were effective in Generation X, and were able to drive their followers. However this cannot be feasible for Generation Y, which is current situation. People values most on personal skills and development and prefer to work outside of the organisational boundary. Hence a Transformation theory is required. In the same way, management theory practices in China cannot be practiced in US, since there are cultural differences, and this has a direct impact on organisational strategy. Transformational Leadership is also not very perfect, it has its own flaws. This theory fails when a leader thinks that they have achieved everything; the false connection when its team members / followers do not respond appropriately and become yes-man; the fear of betrayal from followers. Create a Leadership Strategy that supports organisational direction As per Leadership Theories, a good leader has certain characteristics and skills. Leadership is not only a function of a position on an organisational chart, but also individual performance. Anyone ar any level of the organisation can be a leader. They are recognized for their leadership in setting the pace and high standards in their work. STRATEGIC SKILLS AND ABILITIES Leaders at all levels require skills and abilities in three broad areas: Technical knowledge and skills required in the position, especially about executive information systems. Interpersonal/communication knowledge and skills. Conceptual skills which allow the strategic leader to make decisions and cope with the level of complexity associated with a particular position. Leadership Strategy for PC World Self-Leadership: Before Leaders commit to lead others, they need to commit to themselves. Leaders need to ensure that they have qualities and characteristics of a good leader. They need to create a personal vision. They need to explore themselves first. What they can achieve with their talent, tools and time. They need to create a big picture of their vision and align it with that of organisation. Once that is down, the next step is to bring their followers on board, and align their motivation with PCWs strategy. To create a charismatic figure or to act as a role-model, leaders need to show concern for their employees. In old Model practiced that PCW, Leaders were in control of everything and they were driving the teams. They were doing what they wanted to do. Since the environment is changing so leaders need to transform themselves. They should give what the teams need not what they want. Leaders need to be available to the employees all the time, this is done by implementing open-door policy in the organisation. Leaders need to be democratic and should have a two way communication with the followers, unlike the old one-sided communication. This way they can get good feedback and complete tasks. Team Leadership This is very important in order to empower team member and their networking activities. It is helpful at PCW since there are people with different ethnic backgrounds and cultures. Everyone has different skills and fields of specialization. It is important for leaders to ensure that team members are selected on the basis of their field of specialization, unique talents, skills and share a same vision. Every team member need to play its own part and should not depend on others. Like in sales team, every member has its own sales target, which they have to achieve on their own. But this does not mean that members cannot take help from each other in case of stock control. Empowerment is promoted in the project teams, which enables them to make certain decisions, like sales assistant is empowered to make a sale or refuse it, or if they like to entertain the 2% discount on certain items. When leaders are acting as a role-model they motivate the team and show them the good picture of the future. Mentoring Mentoring is another good strategy, for project based teams. It acts in two ways, one way is that people learn from their good leaders. The formula is to observe their leaders and learn from them. This is the idea of transformational leadership theory; the followers become leaders for others. On the other side it helps team-members to develop their personal skills. A sales assistant can follow the steps of their team leader and become a leader or a role model for other team-members, this way it can acts as a motivating factors. Leaders acting as a mentor need to provide assurance and personal reflective space, coaches set goals, identify solutions to problems, and provide feedback on the subordinates performance.

Comparing John Constables Painting The Cornfield and William Wordswort

Representations of Time: Wordsworth and Constable I do not know how without being culpably particular I can give my Reader a more exact notion of the style in which I wished these poems to be written, than by informing him that I have at all times endeavored to look steadily at my subject; consequently, I hope that there is in these Poems little falsehood of description, and my ideas are expressed in language fitted to their respective importance. Something I must have gained by this practice, as it is friendly to one property of all good poetry, namely, good sense; but it has necessarily cut me off from a large portion of phrases and figures of speech which from father to son have long been regarded as the common inheritance of Poets. -- William Wordsworth, from the Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1800, 1802) It appears to me that pictures have been over-valued; held up by a blind admiration as ideal things, and almost as standards by which nature is to be judged rather than the reverse; and this false estimate has been sanctioned by the extravagant epithets that have been applied to painters, and "the divine," "the inspired," and so forth. Yet in reality, what are the most sublime productions of the pencil but selections of some of the forms of nature, and copies of a few of her evanescent effects, and this is the result, not of inspiration, but of long and patient study, under the instruction of much good sense†¦ †¦Painting is a science, and should be pursued as an inquiry into the laws of nature. Why, then, may not landscape be considered as a branch of natural philosophy, of which pictures are but experiments? -- John Constable, from a lecture at the Royal Institution (June 16, 1836) The styles of John... ...licity and consequently may be more accurately contemplated and more forcibly communicated." Bibliography Goldwater, Robert and Marco Treves (eds.). Artists on Art: from the XIV to the XX Century. New York: Pantheon Books, 1945. Heffernan, James A. W. The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable, and Turner. Hanover: UP of New England, 1985. Helsinger, Elizabeth K. Rural Scenes and National Representation: Britain, 1815-1850. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1997. Kroeber, Karl. Romantic Landscape Vision: Constable and Wordsworth. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1975. Paulson, Ronald. Literary Landscape: Turner and Constable. New Haven: Yale UP, 1982. Wolfson, Susan and Peter Manning (eds.). The Longman Anthology of British Literature: The Romantics and Their Contemporaries. Volume 2A. New York: Longman, 1999.

The Hand-in Assignments

Untitled Document 1 of 4 https://elearning. uol. ohecampus. com/bbcswebdav/institution/UKL1/C†¦ WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENTS Print Page Use the links below to jump directly to the related information. Hand-in Assignment Individual Project HAND-IN ASSIGNMENT Hand-in Assignments are one way for you to demonstrate your learning. The Hand-in Assignments provide an opportunity to apply concepts and strategies to an authentic context. Typically, Hand-in Assignments are written papers or computer programs that are submitted to the Instructor.They require you to pull together information from the weekly Learning Resources, the Discussion and your own experiences to address an issue from the perspective of a real-world situation. Unless otherwise noted, the papers you write in Hand-in Assignments must follow Harvard Referencing Style reference and citation guidelines. You must submit your answers to the following Hand-in Assignment (HA) questions by the end of Day 7 (Wednesday). Answers will be su bmitted to the weekly Assignments area, but are not to be posted in the module Discussion Board. Question 1 Activity Mean durationStd. dev. (days) A 11 0. 9 B 13 1. 1 C 7 0. 2 D 9 0. 8 E 6 1 F 7 1. 2 G 10 0. 7 H 9 0. 6 11/04/2013 9:52 AM Untitled Document 2 of 4 https://elearning. uol. ohecampus. com/bbcswebdav/institution/UKL1/C†¦ I 8 0. 8 Table 1 Complete the following: 1. Calculate the project completion time. 2. Indicate the critical path activities. 3. What is the probability of completing this project between 38 and 40 days? 4. What are the slack values for activities C and F? Interpret the meaning of their slack values? Question 2 A registered nurse is trying to develop a diet plan for patients.The required nutritional elements are the total daily requirements of each nutritional element as indicated in Table 2: Required nutritional element total and daily requirements Calories Not more than 2,700 calories Carbohydrates Not more than 300 grams Protein Not less than 250 g rams Vitamins Not less than 60 units Table 2 The nurse has four basic types to use when planning the menus. The units of nutritional element per unit of food type are shown in Table 3 below. Note that the cost associated with a unit of ingredient also appears at the bottom of Table 3.Required nutritional element and units of nutritional elements per unit of food type Element Milk Chicken Bread Vegetables Calories 160 210 120 150 Carbohydrates 110 130 110 120 Protein 90 190 90 130 Vitamins 50 50 75 70 Cost per unit ?0. 42 ?0. 68 ?0. 32 ?0. 17 Table 3 Moreover, due to dietary restrictions, the following aspects should also be considered when developing the diet plan: 1. The chicken food type should contribute at most 25% of the total caloric intake that will result from the diet plan. 2. The vegetable food type should provide at least 30% of the minimum daily requirements for vitamins.Complete the following: Provide a linear programming formulation for the above case. (You do not need to solve the problem. ) 11/04/2013 9:52 AM Untitled Document 3 of 4 https://elearning. uol. ohecampus. com/bbcswebdav/institution/UKL1/C†¦ Save your Assignment as a . doc, . docx, or . rtf file and use the Turnitin link below to submit it. Return to top INDIVIDUAL PROJECT T he purpose of this simulation project is to provide you with an opportunity to use the POM-QM for Windows software to solve a linear programming problem and perform sensitivity analysis.POM-QM for Windows software For this part of this project, you will need to use the POM software: 1. Read Appendix IV of the O perations Management (Heizer & Render, 2011) textbook. 2. Install and launch the POM-QM for Windows software and from the main menu select Module, and then Linear Programming. Note: You can retrieve the POM-QM for Windows software from either the CD-ROM that accompanied your Heizer and Render (2011) textbook. 3. Program the linear programming formulation for the problem below and solve it with the us e of POM. Refer to Appendix IV from the Heizer and Render (2011) textbook. ) Note: Do not program the non-negativity constraint, as this is already assumed by the software. For additional support, please reference the POM-QM for Windows manual provided in this week’s Learning Resources. Individual Project problem A firm uses three machines in the manufacturing of three products: Each unit of product 1 requires three hours on machine 1, two hours on machine 2 and one hour on machine 3.Each unit of product 2 requires four hours on machine 1, one hour on machine 2 and three hours on machine 3. Each unit of product 3 requires two hours on machine 1, two hours on machine 2 and two hours on machine 3. The contribution margin of the three products is ? 30, ? 40 and ? 35 per unit, respectively. Available for scheduling are: 90 hours of machine 1 time; 54 hours of machine 2 time; and 93 hours of machine 3 time. The linear programming formulation of this problem is as follows: Maximise Z = 30X1 + 40X2 + 35X3 3X1 + 4X2 + 2X3

Shrek english Essay Example

Shrek english Essay Example Shrek english Essay Shrek english Essay Essay Topic: Beauty and the Beast and Other Tales In traditional fairytale stories, ogres are man eating beasts and the prince usually rescues the princess. How do the makers of Shrek use presentational devices to reverse this tradition to reveal the ogre as good and the prince as evil? Shrek, although a fairytale, does not possess the characteristics and techniques which a traditional fairytale comprises of. Shrek stands apart from other fairytales as it completely changes the tradition of an ogre being a man eating beast into a valiant knight. On the other hand the prince-the traditional hero, turns out to be the scoundrel. The character Shrek has analogous physical features and habits as of an ogre but the similarity ends there. The dissimilarity appears in Shreks humane nature. The princess, Fiona, has been portrayed as a one who is lacking the traits of a true princess. The traditional prince Lord Farquad has also been shown as the villain who is gutless and callous. Shrek as a whole deviates from a fairytale, as it wants to cater to a wider audience as far as possible. By producing this film in this way, directors have also a brought a new era in animation production. Traditional fairytales use conventional portrayal of the princess being locked in the highest room of a creepy tower. The tower is guarded by a fiery red female dragon who is an obstacle between the knights and the princess. The knight trying to rescue the princess has to cross a long creaky woody bridge. He has to be careful not to fall over as there is hot lava underneath the bridge. These conventions create a creepy image in the audiences mind and thus give it an image of a true fairytale. The movie plays a sweet romantic music in the background as Shrek approaches the princess. The movie also shows that the princess is bound by a spell and only the first kiss from her true love could free her from it. A traditional fairytale also uses conventions such as storybooks with a prince proposing to a princess. The other traditions a fairytale contain are images of beautiful flowers, bushes, dark forests, birds humming e.t.c. Audiences expect a traditional fairytale to be a romantic come dy. They expect to see princesses in extravagant costumes, a prince riding to go and rescue the princess. They might expect to hear some soothing music. The film begins in a fairytale style. This is indicated by the production team which is Dream Works Production. The man sitting on the moon and the background music indicate that the movie is going to be an animated romantic comedy. The movie starts by showing a fairytale book depicting a prince, proposing to a princess, with flowers in his hands. The story book begins with the line Once upon a time which is a typical beginning of a fairytale. However, while the story progresses, a mammoth green hand rips the page out and uses it as a toilet paper. This is a beginning of a series of events, which tell the audience that the movie is diverting from the conventions of a traditional fairytale movie. As soon as the bathroom door opens, we see a huge, ugly giant standing in front of us. He is the hero of the story, Shrek. The hero of a fairytale story is usually a charming young prince and not an ugly ogre. Shrek is an introvert and prefers to have his privacy. A prince on the contrary is outspoken and likes to interact with other people. The introduction of the character Donkey, confirms our suspicion of the movie Shrek not being a fairytale. When the Donkey accidentally bumps into Shrek and hides behind him, instead of being frightened, portrays that something is amiss. The Donkey realizes that Shrek maybe the only person who can save him from the ruthless aggression of the outside world and therefore immediately takes a liking for him. The prince, who is a traditional hero, is introduced as a villain approaching his prey, contradicting the image of a young prince galloping on his horse. His stature, physique and popularity among his own people soon turn the tide against him. Shreks behaviour at the tournament in Duloc is unusual of an ogre. Shrek prefers to sort out matters over a pint of beer and not get physical. A typical ogre would not even think of negotiating, he would straight away start fighting. Shrek, the protagonist of the movie has been introduced in a vile and uncouth fashion. He is seen taking a bath with mud, frightening people with his ghastly size and ripping the page of his storybook and using it as toilet paper. He is a loner due to the fact that the outside world portrays him as a dangerous creature. He fancies his privacy and is totally ignorant about the matters and concerns of the outside community. He is self-centred and is only concerned about living his own personal life and not getting into useless matters. Shrek possesses humane qualities and has the virtues of a good human being. This is supported by the fact that when the donkey bumps into him, Shrek stands up for him and helps him from Lord Farquads army. Shrek has also been shown in a very positive light during the tournament. At the tournament he does not revert to fighting straight away, but prefers to work calmly. Shrek, rescuing Princess Fiona shows his valiant character. Later, his love for Prince ss Fiona is the confirmation of him possessing human qualities and not having a stone heart like a typical ogre. Donkeys relationship with Shrek develops dramatically over a period of time. The relationship with donkey influences Shrek to such an extent that he starts sharing his personal thoughts with the Donkey. In the beginning of the relationship, Shrek doesnt like the Donkey as they both are of a contrasting nature-Shrek is an introvert while the Donkey is an extrovert. However, while going to rescue Princess Fiona, Shrek realises Donkeys loyalty and friendship. Their friendship is so strong that Shrek risks his life to save Donkeys. Shreks heroism is proved when he takes upon himself the duty of getting fairytale creatures back to their home. A typical ogre wouldnt demonstrate such actions as he would neither care nor be bothered. Shrek believes strongly in non-violence, when there is no reason to fight. His behaviour at Lord Farquads convent gives an impression to the audience that some ogres adhere to the policy of the opponent attacking first. A typical ogre would immediately start fig hting. Shreks audacity to take on a fiery red dragon and risking his own life to save two other lives just proves that he is not self-centred and differentiates from typical ogres in a very large way. Shreks gleaming attire in the creepy castle portrays his heroism and his attitude shows his caring nature. His relationship with Princess Fiona corroborate to our earlier deductions of him not being a typical ogre. The manner, in which he approaches Princess Fiona to propose to her, depicts the symptoms of a charming young prince. His kind and loving nature sufficiently compel us to believe that he is a human being and not a man-eating ogre. Lord Farquad has been introduced in a very unconstructive manner. He has been introduced like the villain in the movie Star Wars. He enters a dark castle, wearing his gloves and instructing his men to open the large doors to the torture room. His stature in comparison to his guards just shows that he is a gutless and is not a real prince who will risk his own life to save others. His mocking laugh is of a villain and not a charming young brave prince. He himself doesnt carry on the torture but orders his men to do so. He is impolite and believes that the world is at his disposal and he is the supreme ruler. During the tournament, he makes a public statement that rescuing the princess will involve sacrificing lot of lives. He adds that it is a sacrifice he is willing to make. This shows his selfish behaviour and his non-popularity among the people of Duloc. This is the reason why his army has to hold up boards during public functions, demanding the people to do what is written on the boards. He views Princess Fiona as an epitome of beauty and a paragon of women. However, while Shrek is Rescuing Princess Fiona, Lord Farquad is sipping martini and admiring her in the magical mirror. At the wedding, he is very impatient and does not handle things in a composed manner. He is pretty much ignored by the audience, as well as Shrek and Princess Fiona. He mocks Shrek and Princess Fionas relationship and doesnt ever appreciate the fact that Princess Fiona was at the wedding due to Shreks efforts. At the end of the long unwinding movie, Shrek and Lord Farquad receive the true treatment they deserve. Lord Farquad is devoured with relish by the female dragon, which helped Shrek and Donkey reach the Princesss wedding. On the other hand, Shrek reaches for Princess Fiona and delivers a kiss. Princess Fionas true state is revealed when the sun goes down. She transforms from a beautiful princess to a fat ugly ogress, which is in contrast to a typical fairytale ending where the reverse takes place. Shrek and Princess Fiona have a fairytale wedding in a non-fairytale story. The audience is elated at the sight of the pair- Shrek and Fiona. As the audience already knows the role Shrek and Lord Farquad play, they are delighted when the good wins over the evil. The audience feels strongly about the end of Lord Farquad as they have already witnessed his cunning and cheeky deeds. This film has presented Lord Farquad and Shrek in a very exciting and progressive manner. Shrek has been presented as not a typical ogre and has been introduced as a true hero who risks his life. He possesses humane qualities and can fall in love with human beings. He is only similar to typical ogres in physical features. Lord Farquad has been introduced as a typical villain. The animators have shown him in a negative light throughout the movie and have convinced the audience that he is not the typical young prince and is more like a malicious and spiteful ruler who oppresses his people. The film departs from the conventions of a fairytale but not to such an extent. The film contains traditional fairytale conventions such as a princess being locked in the highest room of the tallest tower but the film also departs from fairytale conventions such as the prince being the villain and the ugly ogre going and rescuing the princess. The film teaches a number of morals to young children. It teaches them not to judge a book by its cover and that appearances and images of people can be deceptive and misleading. It also imparts the important message that people should not be judged by their outside beauty but by their inner beauty.

International Slave Trade Outlawed In America in 1807

International Slave Trade Outlawed In America in 1807 The importation of African slaves was outlawed by an act of Congress passed in 1807, and signed into law by President Thomas Jefferson. The law was rooted in an obscure passage in the U.S. Constitution, which had stipulated that importing slaves could be prohibited 25 years after the ratification of the Constitution. Though the end of the international slave trade was a significant piece of legislation, it actually did not change much in a practical sense. The importation of slaves had already  been decreasing since the late 1700s. However, had the law had not gone into effect, the importation of slaves many have accelerated as the growth of the cotton industry accelerated following the widespread adoption of the cotton gin. Its important to note that the prohibition against importing African slaves did nothing to control the domestic traffic in slaves and the interstate slave trade. In some states, such as Virginia, changes in farming and the economy meant slave owners did not need great numbers of slaves. Meanwhile, planters of cotton and sugar in the Deep South needed a steady supply of new slaves. So a thriving slave-trading business developed in which slaves would typically sent southward. It was common for slaves to be shipped from Virginia ports to New Orleans, for instance. Solomon Northup, the author of the memoir Twelve Years a Slave, endured being sent from Virginia to bondage on Louisiana plantations. And, of course, an illegal traffic in slave trading across the Atlantic Ocean still continued. Ships of the U.S. Navy, sailing in what was called the African Squadron, were eventually dispatched to defeat the illegal trade. The 1807 Ban on Importing Slaves When the US Constitution was written in 1787, a generally overlooked and peculiar provision was included in Article I, the part of the document dealing with the duties of the legislative branch: Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.   In other words, the government could not ban the importation of slaves for 20 years after the adoption of the Constitution. And as the designated year 1808 approached, those opposed to slavery began making plans for legislation that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade. A senator from Vermont first introduced a bill to ban the importation of slaves in late 1805, and President Thomas Jefferson recommended the same course of action in his annual address to Congress a year later, in December 1806. The law was finally passed by both houses of Congress on March 2, 1807, and Jefferson signed it into law on March 3, 1807. However, given the restriction imposed by Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution, the law would only become effective on January 1, 1808. The law had 10 sections. The first section specifically outlawed the importation of slaves: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,That from and after the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eight, it shall not be lawful to import or bring into the United States or the territories thereof from any foreign kingdom, place, or country, any negro, mulatto, or person of colour, with intent to hold, sell, or dispose of such negro, mulatto, or person of colour, as a slave, or to be held to service or labour. The following sections set penalties for violations of the law, specified that it would be illegal to fit out ships in American waters to transport slaves, and stated that the U.S. Navy would enforce the law on the high seas. In subsequent years the law was often enforced by the Navy, which dispatched vessels to seize suspected slave ships. The  African Squadron patrolled the west coast of Africa for decades, interdicting ships suspected of carrying slaves. The 1807 law ending the importation of slaves did nothing to stop the buying and selling of slaves within the United States. And, of course, the controversy over slavery would continue for decades, and would not be finally resolved until the end of the Civil War and the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.

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Untitled at the moment see details of content - Essay Example These essays discusses the lives of two early twentieth female artists and two contemporary ones, and attempts to throw some light on the nature of their art and also how it affected their personal lives. Frida Kahlo, born in 1907 was an internationally acclaimed Mexican painter. Her paintings carried distinct undertones of realism, symbolism and surrealism. Kahlo has gained immense popularity in the past few years, both for her work and her turbulent life. Some critics have even called her the â€Å"female Che Guevera† as her life has become synonymous with the triumph of art. The â€Å"Kahlo Cult† as it is now called, started in the 1990’s, when her paintings were breaking all records fetching up to $ 1 million in one single auction (Miller, 1999). Since then, she has been the subject of various plays, documentaries, and novels, the latest of which is a movie starring Salma Hayek as Kahlo. Besides that, she has also been designated as the goddess of the women’s movement for her paintings express certain sensitive women’s issues. But more so because of her personal life and her portrayal as the gallant woman sufferer. Tragedy stuck Kahlo at the tender age of 6 when she was diagnosed with polio; nearly twelve years later, she had a fatal accident which left her with a broken spinal column, broken pelvis, ribs and multiple fractures. For months, Frida was encased in a box like plaster cast and the pain and agony that she underwent was later represented in some of her paintings. As a matter of fact, nearly all her paintings are manifestations of her personal emotions. If one wishes to develop a cultural understanding of Kahlo’s work, it become imperative to study her personal life as well. As she herself says, "I paint myself because I am so often alone, because I am the subject I know best. One of her most famous works, â€Å"The Broken Column†, portrays her in a back brace, strongly reminiscent of her days after

Solve case studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solve studies - Case Study Example The qualities Google possesses; creativity, passion, taking risks, self-motivation, and self-management successfully attract the best talent around. This culture of controlled chaos is maintainable, although it may suffer if Google’s management begins to prioritize profits in the long term over innovation by being too rigid. Without a hierarchy, Google maintains teamwork and coordination across its engineering, marketing, product management, operations, and sales divisions (Marion, 2013). However, with increasing employee numbers and the hiring of mid-level managers, it is possible that they could suffer from international inconsistency, lack of visibility, delayed decision-making and increased bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is one threat to the maintenance of the organized chaos culture. As Google continues to grow and expand, they may have to come up with new guidelines and policies for the management of their employees, which could hurt innovation (Marion, 2013). Bureaucracy may increase if the diverse employee base does not comply with the vision and mission at Google. For this reason, they may have to control these elements via new policies and procedures, which could impact on other groups’ agility. Internal tools and meetings could become impossible to carry out as the geographical locations become more diverse and unfeasible. Decision-making may also be affected as the employee base increases, especially given the unfeasibility of consensus and open discussion. They could also lose the ability to oppose decisions, take risks, and critique the decisions (Marion, 2013). Achieving cross-functional decisions may prove harder, while they may also stall the mechanism of innovation. The culture of organized chaos may also lead to decreased visibility as workers spending a fifth of their working hours on project ideas may lead to role duplication. Reinvention of the wheel, productive time loss, and replication of effort may lead to decreased visibility due to the difficulty of maintaining an employee base that is multi-cultural (Marion, 2013). A growing and expanding employee base makes it more difficult to establish visibility. Finally, Google could suffer from decreasing international consistency as it becomes harder to attract and retain talent at locations across the world. Exporting their culture to other locations and implanting it may clash with local perceptions, tastes, and cultures. In the international context, it will become more difficult for Google to balance cultural homogeneity and diversity (Marion, 2013). These aspects are the threats to the maintenance of Google’s culture of organized chaos. However, their current organized chaos culture suits their innovative nature with the generation of ideas. Google’s founders are still committed to the fostering of an innovative culture in the company. However, while their culture works well in the attraction of talent, they may find it harder to pursue with r egards to demand and supply market dynamics (Marion, 2013). As long as Google is able to maintain collaboration, competence, control, and cultivation of values for customer enrichment, business diversification may not hurt their organized chaos culture and the innovation it breeds. They also need to diffuse their current structure of governance, organizational processes, and culture of innovation to new areas of acquisition, while also adapting to change in

Battle vs. Bulge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Battle vs. Bulge - Essay Example (Smith, 2006) The article describes the festival, which was held by the Greater Kingsport Family YMCA and was called 'Put Play in Your Day', aimed at encouraging parents to be better involved into the way their children eat and exercise. The party's main goal was to prove parents that they play the major role in forming eating and physical habits of their children. It has been pointed out, that parents themselves should serve as a model of correct nutrition. However, the stress has also been made on the fact, that not only nutrition should be corrected and viewed, but the fight against obesity must be performed on all levels of human consciousness - 'a routine should be developed at an early age, not just fitness, but also nutrition, mind, body and spirit'. (Smith, 2006) Another negative factor, which is often made one of the main reasons of child obesity, is video games, but the article suggests new solution - video games, which teach children to dance and move, as 'Dance, Dance Revolution'. Thus, children will be able to play games and be active at the same time, avoiding the risks of obesity.

Riordan Manufacturing Service Essay Example for Free

Riordan Manufacturing Service Essay Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer employing 550 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million. The company is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion (Riordan Manufacturing, 2013). The plastics that Riordan produced include beverage containers, custom plastic parts, and plastic fans which are made in three different facilities in Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan, and Hangzhou, China. Their corporate headquarters resides in San Jose, California where they conduct research and development. Riordan’s customers include automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers. Stakeholders There is always room for improvement and in order to improve Riordan’s existing Human Resources department, they need to update their system. By identifying the key stakeholders, Riordan is able to better improve their HR system. The key stakeholders for Riordan include the following: Dr. Michael Riordan (President and CEO) – Determine and formulate policies and business strategies and provide overall direction of private sector organizations. Plan, direct, and coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate managers. Jane McCall (Executive Assistant) – Provides assistance to a senior executive, including board activities, publications, volunteerism and special events planning, to create and maintain favorable public image. Kenneth Collins (SVP – RD) – Directs and coordinates activities of R D and aids Chief Executive Officer in formulating and administering organization policies. Hugh McCauley (Chief Operating Officer) – Directs, administers and coordinates the activities of the organization in support of policies, goals and objectives established by  the chief executive officer and the Board of Directors. Information-Gathering Depending on what information needs to be gathered, more than one type of gathering technique might need to be used to obtain said information. TechRepublic.com lists ten different gathering techniques which include the following: 1. One-on-one interviews – this technique involves sitting down with a client and asking what they need. However, this type of interview needs to be planned ahead of time. Certain aspects of what is required need to be known before asking any questions. 2. Group interviews – Similar to a one-on-one interview, group interviews usually have two or more clients. Since more people are involved in this interview, information can be gathered quicker and more efficiently since the same information most likely won’t be repeated. 3. Facilitated sessions – Much like the ladder, this technique involves five or more people in which you are trying to gather a set of common requirements from the group. 4. Joint application development (JAD) – Much like facilitated sessions, JAD sessions groups stay together until the original objective is complete. 5. Questionnaires – Questionnaires are a great way of gathering information from users who aren’t local. They’re also great for when you need to gather information from hundreds of users when an interview or JAD just won’t work. 6. Prototyping – This type of technique is much more modern in which something is built based on your individual needs. You then present this prototype to someone to gather more information. You’ll be able to gather whether you need to add or remove something as well in addition to what needs to be improved on. 7. Use cases – Use cases are somewhat different in the fact that you tell stories of how something works, usually told by actors. They may be easier but more detailed information will need to be gathered. 8. Following people around – When explaining something is hard to do, following them around and see what they do helps much more. You’ll begin to learn what becomes a habit and how they can improve their duties. It is also helpful to participate in the work to experience what the user is experiencing. 9. Request for proposals (RFPs) – If you are a vendor, you may receive requirements through an RFP. This list of requirements is there for you to compare against your own capabilities to determine how close a match you are to the client’s needs (T. Mochal. 2008). 10. Brainstorming – When an idea is brand new, solutions  needs to be laid out and discussed. This type of technique is best for when uncovering information isn’t really going to work; it’s best to discover new ideas and talk about them in a group. Key Factors Every business needs to closely manage the decisions they make as it can make or break them. By managing their decisions and investments, they will be able to determine if it’s a good time to move forward or focus on what needs to be completed. To ensure that Riordan’s HR department is being updated and improving, meetings need to take place to discuss any issues that might come up. There will be a meeting once a week to discuss whether goals are being met and to see what stages are being worked on. At the end of every month, there will be another meeting to discuss the weekly meetings and see if issues are being resolved. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are at the heart of any system of performance measurement and target-setting. The priority of a KPI is to focus on quantifiable factors that are clearly linked to the drivers of success in your business and your sector (Info Entrepreneurs. 2009). However, just because something can be quantifiable, it doesn’t mean that it is financially beneficial to the business. The stakeholders of Riordan will be interviewed when decisions need to be made. Once the information is gathered, it will be discussed in the meets mentioned above. Solutions will be discussed and based on what was gathered during the interviews, a final choice will be made that is best for Human Resources. To ensure that decisions are being made and information is gathered in a timely manner, there will be due dates. This will help in tracking the progress of any changes that are to be made. One of the many challenges that a business faces is time, and it needs to be managed appropriately if a system is to be improved on and working correctly. Project Scope A project scope pertains to the work necessary to deliver a product (Project Scope. 2014). There are key concepts of a project scope that need to be known and they include the following: Scope planning does not occur after only one planning sessions. The scope baseline consists of the project statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary. A collaborative approach is the most  effective method of scope planning. All stakeholders must understand the scope baseline to minimize scope creep during project execution. Scope planning is an important step as it sets a baseline of deliverables in the analysis phase. It helps lay out a plan for the future and analyze what needs to be done to a current system. It is helpful to collaborate some of the gathering techniques from previous phases to help breakdown requirements needed. Reference Riordan Manufacturing. 2013. Employee Site. Riordan Manufacturing. Retrieved from: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Riordan/index.asp Riordan Manufacturing. 2013. Job Descriptions. Retrieved from: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Riordan/HR/JobDescriptions.asp T. Mochal. 2008. TechRepublic.com. 10 techniques for gathering requirements. Retrieved from: http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-techniques-for-gathering-requirements/ Info Entrepreneurs. 2009. Measure performance and set targets. Retrieved from: http://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/measure-performance-and-set-targets/ Project Cope. 2014). Project Scope. Retrieved from: http://www.projectscope.net/

The Process Of Sending And Receiving Messages

The Process Of Sending And Receiving Messages Business Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages. Effective communication, however, occurs when individuals achieve a shared understanding, stimulate others to take actions, and encourage people to think in new ways. Communication occurs in many forms. You can pick up the phone and have a conversation with your supervisor or leave her a voice-mail message if she is unavailable. You can choose, instead, to write her a memo and send it by e-mail. Beside, she can respond to your message in the form of her choice. Communication can be formal or informal, spoken or written, and internal or external. In every part of business organization, communication provides the vital link between people and information. The ways we communicate is a learned style. As children we learn from watching our parents and other adults communicate. The communication Process consists of a message being sent and received. The message may be verbal or non-verbal. The same basic principles apply whether humans, animals, other forms of life, or combinations of these are involved. Your challenge, as an instructor, is to not merely communication with your students but to communication effectively. Whether you are speaking or writing, listening or reading, communication is more than a single act. The sender has an idea, Senders are individuals who react to situations from a unique vantage point, interpreting ideas and filtering experiences through their own perception. Unique to individual senders, and integral to all the communication they engage in, is a background of accumulated attitudes, experiences, skills, cultural conditioning and individual differences that influences how they communicate. The sender encodes an idea or feeling in words or signs that the receiver will recognize and transmits this message to the receiver. The sender transforms the idea into a message, when you put your idea into a message that your receiver will understand, you are encoding, deciding on the messages form (word, facial expression, gesture), length, organization, tone, and style- all of which depend on your idea, your audience, and your personal style or mood. The sender transmits the message, to transmits your message to your receiver, you select a communication channel such as the telephone, a letter, a memo, an e-mail- even a facial gesture. The receiver decodes or interprets the message to achieve understanding. In doing this, the receiver is also acting as an individual from a unique vantage point, interpreting the idea according to a particular personal perception of the message. The channel and medium you choose depend on your message, the location of your audience, your need for speed, and the formality of the situation. This perception is the result of the receiver unique background of experiences, beliefs, concerns and many other factors. The receiver gets the message, You have no guarantee that your message will actually get through. The receiver may not hear you, for communication to occur, your receiver must first get the message. If you send a letter, your receiver has to read it before understanding it. If youre giving a speech, the people in your audience have to be able to hear you, and they have to be paying attention. The receiver interprets the message, Your receiver must cooperate by decoding your message, absorbing and understanding it. Then the decoded message has to be stored in the receivers mind. If all goes well, the message is interpreted correctly; that is, the receiver assigns the same basic meaning to the words as the sender intended and responds in the desired way. The receiver reacts and sends feedback to the sender, Feedback is your receivers response, the final link in the communication chain. After getting the messages, your receiver responds in some way and signals that response to you. Feedback is the key element in the communication process because it enables you to evaluate the effectiveness of your messages. If your audience does not understand what you mean, you can tell by the response and refine your message. Explain the communication process. How does one ensure that the intended audience has received the right message? As the product manager of a soon-to-be-launched product, explain the methods, the mediums, and the vehicles that you would use the communication with your target audience to persuade them to buy your product. Produce one (1) advertisement for your product. *Student may decide on whatever product that they wish. Formulating a message: Communication is a dynamic process. Your idea cannot be communicated if you ignore, fail, or skip any step in that process. Unfortunately, the process can be interrupted before it really begins-while you are trying to put your idea into words. Several things can go wrong when you are formulating a message, including indecision about the content of your message, lack of familiarity with the situation or the receiver, and difficulty in expressing ideas. Learn about your Audience: You want to create a bridge of words that leads audience members from their rent position to your point. Before you can do so, you have to know something about your audiences current position. What do they know? What do they need to know? If youre addressing strangers, try to find out more about them; if thats impossible, try to protect yourself into their position by using common sense and imagination. Knowing as much as you can about your audience puts you in touch with the needs youll want to satisfy. Different in perception: The world constantly bombards us with information: sights, sounds, scents, and so on. Our minds organize this stream of sensation into a mental map that represents our perception of reality. In no case is the map in a persons mind the same as the world itself, and no two maps are exactly alike. As you view the world, your mind absorbs your experiences in a unique and personal way. For example, if you go out for pizza with friend, each of you will notice different things. As you enter the restaurant, one of you may notice the coolness of the air-conditioning; the other may notice the aroma pizza. Overcoming perceptual barriers can be difficult. Try to predict how your message will be received, anticipate your receivers reactions, and shape the message accordingly-constantly adjusting to correct any misunderstanding. Try not to apply the same solution to every problem, but look for solutions to fit specific problems. Frame your messages in terms that have meaning for your audience, and try to find something useful in every message you receive. Language Problems: When you choose the words for your message, you signal that you are a member of a particular culture or subculture and that you know the code. The nature of your code-your language and vocabulary-imposes its own barriers on your message. For example, the language of lawyer differs from that of an accountant or a doctor, and the difference in their vocabularies affects their ability to recognize and express ideas. To overcome language barriers, use the most specific and accurate words possible. Always try to use words your audience will understand. Increase the accuracy of your messages by using language that describes rather than evaluates and presenting observable facts, events, and circumstances. Keep your Audience focused: You can also help your audience by eliminating any information that doesnt directly contribute to your purpose. Many business messages contain too much material. The sender, in hopes of being thorough, tries to explain everything there is to know about a subject, but most audiences dont need everything. All they need are a few pertinent facts, enough information to answer their question or facilitate their decisions. By keeping your messages as brief and as clean as possible, you make them easier to absorb. Show your Audience how new information relates to existing ideas: The mind absorbs information by categorizing it into mental files. If you want your audiences to understand and remember new ideas, you have to indicate how those ideas are related to the files that already exist in their minds. When the connection with familiar concepts is lacking, the new material tends to get lost, to become mentally misplaced, because it doesnt fit into your audiences filling cabinet. By showing the audience how new ideas relate to familiar ones, you increase the likelihood that your message will be understand correctly. Therefore, connecting new ideas to existing ones also helps make the new concepts acceptable. Minimize Noise: Even the most carefully constructed message will fail to achieve results if it does not reach your audience. As far as possible, try eliminate potential sources of interference. Then make sure your choice of communication channel and medium does not interfere with your message. Choose the method that will be most likely to attract your audiences attention and enable them to concentrate on the message. If a written document seems the best choice, try to make it physically appealing and easy to comprehend. Use attractive, convenient format, and pay attention to such details as the choice of paper and the quality of type. If possible, deliver the document when you know the reader will have time to study it. If the message calls for an oral delivery channel, try to eliminate physical barriers. The location should be comfortable and quiet, with adequate lighting, good acoustics, and few visual distractions. In addition, think about how your own appearance will affect the audience. An outfit that screams for attention creates as much noise as a squeaky air-conditioning system. Another way to reduce interference, particularly in oral communication, is to deliver your message directly to intended audience. The more people who filter your message, the greater the potential for message distortion. Facilitate Feedback: In addition to minimizing noise, giving your audience a chance to provide feedback is crucial. But one thing that makes business communication difficult is the complexity of the feedback loop. If you are talking face-to-face with another person, feedback is immediate and clear. However, if you are writing a letter, memo, or report that will be read by several people, feedback will be delayed and mixed. Some of the readers will be enthusiastic or respond promptly; others will be critical or reluctant to respond, and revising your message to take into account their feedback will be difficult. When you plan a message, think about the amount of feedback you want to encourage. Although feedback is generally useful, it reduces your control over the communication situation. You need to know whether your message is being understood and accepted, but you may not want to respond to comments until you have completed your argument. If you are communicating with a group, you may not have the time to react to every impression or question. Answer for question 2: As a Product Manager of my product which is going to be launch soon, my product is a smart mobile phone IPhone 5.This product can used by different age only for teenagers. This product can communicate with others country by using Face Time. This product is invisible because it is made by class. The product is using Os 5 software that created by me. To promote my product I will use methods, mediums, and vehicles. I will ask the producer to make some cloth banner or PVC banner or leaflet (with really a big font and a logo about my product, my contact number and name) and displaying it at strategic locations. I also will obtain the license from the city council before posting the advertisement. Thus, through this method, I will make sure them to buy my product. The mediums or channels that Im going to use to promote my product are internal communication, external communication and also individuals contact. The Methods that use to promote my product: The first method that use to promote my product is by Flyers. Nowadays, people will use flyers to introduce your business and to announce new offers or promotions. Flyers and leaflets are great way to promote businesses of all sizes. Flyer printing can be a great promotional tool for telling people about the products and services you offer. A flyer or a leaflet is a tangible sales promotion tool that will help your business to stick in the mind of the consumer. The second method that use to promote my product is online advertising. Nowadays internet are famous among teenagers because teenagers is a very fast learner. Online advertising is a very good method because everyone will know what you post such as, Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yahoo, MSN and others. The third method that use to promote my product is by Radio. Did you what is radio? Radio is a common thing that human will use it for everyday because radio will give us a lot of information about general knowledge. Through radio I can advertise my product to world wide. The fourth method that use to promote my product is Hot air balloon. Hot air balloons catch attention because their huge and they fly. The cost of a hot air balloon is quite cheap. I will promote hot air balloon before my product is launch. The fifth method that use to promote my product is Exhibition. Exhibition will get or got in anywhere in the world wide. Exhibition is the place for business man to promote he or her products at there. Flyers : Flyers dont cost as much as other advertising methods but can effectively get your message across to your target audience. By using flyers the clients will recall you about the product and promote awareness. Flyer printing can be a great promotional tool for telling people about the products and services you offer. A flyer or a leaflet is a tangible sales promotion tool that will help your business to stick in the mind of the consumer. There are many different size for flyers. There are many printers that produce flyers in different sizes with the most popular sizes being A4, A5, A6 and DL. Online Advertising: Online advertising will need internet to transfer the advertisement into a post and send it to everyone in world wide. Online advertising is a very good method because everyone will know what you post such as, Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yahoo, MSN and others. The customer or client can order my product or ask / get information about my product, it can help me to attract customer. I also will use online advertising to promote my product through world wide and let everyone know about my product. Radio: Radio is a type of communication to human. Radio can let human by getting some daily news, general knowledge and others information. If the customer is interested in the radio advertisement, he or she will wrote down or listen the information carefully. Lastly, through radio I can advertise my product to world wide and others know about my product. Hot air balloon: Hot air balloon is an object that being release in the sky and it will be floating anywhere in the sky. Hot air balloons catch attention because their huge and they fly. Anything that is visible to the eye and flying is always a novelty but for it to be considered more than just a novelty lies in how the things look like. There are many different shapes for a hot air balloon, such as love shapes, round shapes and others shapes. These types of advertising balloons are becoming increasingly popular as they never fail to catch the eye of any spectator young or old from the road. One advantage of following an advertising balloon campaign is that it can be easily managed. All you will need is having your own balloon with your logo or brand made or rented all you are all good to go. All these make such balloons a very valuable advertising tool that businesses just cannot lay by the wayside. Exhibition: Exhibition is the place that the business man or a producer will promote he/her product at there. you can use your event to hire your product more effectively than many businesses will do at a trade show. Think about the different display options that you can hire to show your products to potential customers at the trade show. Conclusion: In my opinion, Iphone 5 is very cool and have a lot of function which is interest by the youth and teenagers. For the moment, the interest of the youth towards the Iphone 5 is tremendous and they cannot wait for it. Lastly, I hope so my Iphone 5 can satisfied the user and the sales of the Iphone 5 can hit the target sales when it is being launched.